Grammar: finalna synteza — wielkie powtórzenie maturalne

1. Inwersja warunkowa

Had / Were / Should + podmiot (bez if!) "Had governments invested earlier..." "Were this claim to be accepted..." "Should resistance continue..."

2. Mixed conditionals

• PP + would (past cause → present result)
• PS + would have (present state → past result)

3. Passive reporting

is said/believed/expected to + inf (present) / to have + V3 (active perfect) / to have been + V3 (passive perfect)

Trzy warianty: is said to change (teraz) · is said to have changed (przeszłość, aktywne) · is said to have been changed (przeszłość, bierne).

4. Nominalizacja

THE failure OF / THE growth OF / THE emergence OF

5. It-structures

It is widely acknowledged that... / It remains to be seen whether... It is X that... (it-cleft)

6. What-cleft i fronting

What the evidence indicates is... / Central to X is...

7. Discourse markers C1

Notwithstanding / Be that as it may / Therein lies / Hence / By extension

8. Nominal clauses

That X is... / Whether X or Y... / What X does is...