Calculators/Mathematics/Descriptive statistics

Descriptive statistics

Mean · median · mode · variance · standard deviation

Descriptive statistics — illustration
Mean
6.2857
Median
6
Std. dev.
2.3123
Variance
5.3469
Count N7
Sum44
Minimum3
Maximum10
Range7
Mode8

Standard deviation and variance are computed for the whole population (dividing by N). The median is the middle value once sorted; the mode — the most frequent value.

Descriptive statistics summarise a data set with a few numbers. The arithmetic mean is xˉ=1N∑xi\bar{x}=\dfrac{1}{N}\sum x_i, the median — the middle value once sorted, the mode — the most frequent value.

The spread of the data is measured by variance and standard deviation:

σ2=1N∑(xi−xˉ)2σ=σ2\sigma^2=\frac{1}{N}\sum (x_i-\bar{x})^2 \qquad \sigma=\sqrt{\sigma^2}

Enter numbers separated by commas or spaces — the calculator works out every measure, including the minimum, maximum and range.

Examples

Data: 4, 8, 6, 5, 3, 8, 10
→ mean ≈ 6.29, median 6, mode 8
Data: 2, 2, 2, 2
→ standard deviation = 0 (no spread)

Frequently asked questions

How does the mean differ from the median?+

The mean takes every value into account (sensitive to extremes), the median is the middle value — resistant to outliers. For skewed data they can differ considerably.

What does the standard deviation tell you?+

How far the data deviate from the mean on average. A small σ means the data are clustered, a large σ means they are widely spread. The calculator uses the population version (dividing by N).

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