Calculators/Mathematics/Volume of a solid of revolution

Volume of a solid of revolution

V = π·∫ₐᵇ [f(x)]² dx · solid of revolution

Volume of a solid of revolution — illustration
V = π·∫ₐᵇ [f(x)]² dx
8.37758
= π · 2.66667

A solid of revolution is formed by rotating the graph of a function about the x-axis. Its volume is the sum of thin disks of radius f(x): V = π·∫[f(x)]²dx. For example, rotating f(x)=x from 0 to h gives a cone.

When the graph of a function f(x)f(x) is rotated about the x-axis, it forms a solid of revolution. Its volume is the sum of infinitely thin disks of radius f(x)f(x):

V=π∫ab[f(x)]2 dxV=\pi\int_a^b [f(x)]^2\,dx

The calculator takes ff as a polynomial, squares it, integrates and evaluates on the interval [a,b][a,b].

Classic results: rotating f(x)=xf(x)=x from 00 to hh gives a cone (V=13πh3V=\tfrac13\pi h^3), and f(x)=rf(x)=r (a constant) gives a cylinder (V=πr2hV=\pi r^2 h). It is a bridge between integral calculus and solid geometry.

Examples

f(x) = x, from 0 to 2
→ V = π·∫x²dx = π·8/3 ≈ 8.378 (a cone)
f(x) = 2 (constant), from 0 to 3
→ V = π·∫4dx = 12π ≈ 37.70 (a cylinder)

Frequently asked questions

Why is the function squared in the formula?+

Because the cross-section of the solid at point x is a circle of radius f(x), whose area is π·f(x)². Summing (integrating) these areas along the axis gives the volume.

How do I derive the volume of a cone from this formula?+

By rotating the line f(x) = (r/h)x from 0 to h about the x-axis: V = π∫(r/h)²x²dx = π(r²/h²)·h³/3 = ⅓πr²h — the familiar cone formula.

Found this calculator useful? Share it.

It's free — send it to a friend who's revising.

Teaching? Embed this calculator on your site.

Free widget — paste it on your school site, blog or notes. It links to the full version.

Teaching a class or tutoring? Guide students in NexTutor →